Sustainable Marine Structures

Model Setup Evaluation for Two-Dimensional Physical Model of Wave-Structure Interaction for Modular Floating Photovoltaic

Maria Angelin Naiborhu

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Ricky Lukman Tawekal

Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Ahmad Muchlis Firdaus

Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Farid Putra Bakti

Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Eko Charnius Ilman

Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Reynard Alexander Zebua

Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Hasya Farhana

Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Jesa Angelin

Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Alfiza Aulia

Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Adinda Putri Kania Hermanto

Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Nathaniel Leonard Setiono

Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Muhamad Rayhan Khashib

Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Ahmad Safii Maarif

Department of Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36956/sms.v7i4.2719

Received: 10 September 2025 | Revised: 15 October 2025 | Accepted: 24 October 2025 | Published Online: 2 December 2025

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Abstract

Interest in understanding the structural behavior of marine floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems has grown significantly over the last decade. Numerical models are the preferred approach for understanding FPV responses under environmental loads, but they require validation. Several methods are commonly used to validate numerical results, such as comparison with analytical, field data, and experimental data. The use of analytical approaches to validate numerical results can sometimes be inaccurate due to the complexity of the problems; nevertheless, field data is commonly restricted and frequently unavailable for numerical model validation. Thus, physical models play a crucial role in validating numerical results. This study focuses on the two-dimensional (2-D) modeling process and sensors development for an FPV system with taut mooring, aiming to investigate wave-structure interaction while considering hydroelastic effects. The model is developed in accordance with the Froude-Cauchy similitude law and is made from composite materials to capture structural stiffness. Structural motions, specifically heave and pitch, are measured using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), while strain gauges measure structural stress and mooring tension. The sensors provide precise measurements for strain and pitch; however, heave, as a result of time-domain integration from acceleration, requires further validation. The motion responses of the model align with reference results.

Keywords: Composite Model; 2-D Experimental; Floating Photovoltaic; Froude-Cauchy Similitude; Hydroelasticity

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