Sustainable Marine Structures

Strategic Assessment of Sustainable Marine Logistics in Arctic Routes Using Resilient and Agile Supply Chain Theory

Suleiman Ibrahim Mohammad

Electronic Marketing and Social Media, Economic and Administrative Sciences, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 132222, Zarqa 13110, Jordan

Sultan Alaswad Alenazi

Department of Marketing, College Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia

Asokan Vasudevan

Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia

Hanan Jadallah

Electronic Marketing and Social Media, Economic and Administrative Sciences, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 132222, Zarqa 13110, Jordan

Badrea Al Oraini

Department of Business Administration, College of Business and Economics, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36956/sms.v7i4.2636

Received: 15 August 2025 | Revised: 28 August 2025 | Accepted: 10 September 2025 | Published: 5 November 2025

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Abstract

The rapid transformation of Arctic maritime routes, driven by diminishing sea ice and shifting geopolitical conditions, presents both opportunities and challenges for global shipping. This study develops an integrated optimization framework for sustainable Arctic marine logistics, grounded in Agile Supply Chain Theory (ASCT), to address cost efficiency, environmental sustainability, and operational robustness under climate and policy uncertainty. A Mixed‐Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model was employed to optimize vessel routing across Arctic corridors, incorporating Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) and Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) metrics directly into the objective function. Scenario analyses tested performance under varying climate conditions and policy constraints. The model was parameterized using vessel operational data from Arctic shipping logs, environmental datasets from ESA CryoSat‐2 and NSIDC, port accessibility records from Arctic port authorities, and economic data from Clarksons and the World Bank, ensuring realistic and replicable inputs for the analysis. Results demonstrate that ASCT‐based optimized routes achieved an average 14.8% reduction in operating costs, 12.3% reduction in CO₂ emissions, and an 11.6% improvement in EEOI, with the majority of voyages improving by at least one CII grade. Robustness analysis showed that optimized routes maintained up to 14.7 percentage points higher feasibility under severe ice scenarios and reduced cost volatility by 20–28% under carbon tax regimes. These findings confirm the value of embedding agility and resilience principles into Arctic shipping, aligning operational efficiency with International Maritime Organization (IMO) decarbonization objectives. The study extends ASCT into extreme maritime contexts, offering a replicable model for sustainable route planning in high‐risk logistics sectors.

Keywords: Arctic Shipping; Route Optimization; Agile Supply Chain Theory; MILP, Resilience; Sustainability; EEOI; CII

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