Sustainable Marine Structures

Characteristics of Farmers and Extension Services Affecting the Sustainability of Seaweed Cultivation in Polewali Mandar, Indonesia

Husniah

Development Counseling (PPN), IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

Anna Fatchiya

Development Extension Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

Siti Amanah

Development Extension Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

Pudji Muljono

Development Extension Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36956/sms.v7i4.2469

Received: 16 July 2025 | Revised: 31 July 2025 | Accepted: 4 August 2025 | Published Online: 10 October 2025

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Abstract

This study aimed to examine the influence of farmer characteristics and extension services on the sustainability of seaweed cultivation in three districts of Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi, namely Polewali, Binuang, and Wonomulyo. A total of 267 seaweed farmers were surveyed using a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed through multiple linear regression. Informed consent was obtained in writing from all participants before data collection. The results showed that farmer characteristics and extension services had a positive and significant effect on seaweed farming sustainability. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening both human capital and institutional support. Key farmer characteristics, such as education level, farming experience, motivation, and openness to innovation, play a vital role in sustaining seaweed businesses. Enhancing these competencies through training, formal and non-formal education, and capacity-building programs will improve farmers’ ability to adopt sustainable practices, adapt to environmental changes, and increase productivity. Similarly, the significant role of extension services demonstrates the need for continuous technical assistance, knowledge transfer, and institutional backing. Improving extension systems by deploying more qualified field officers, conducting regular farm visits, and tailoring content to local contexts can bridge the gap between innovation and practice. Participatory extension models that engage farmers directly can further promote peer learning and community cohesion. At the policy level, this study supports integrating farmer capacity development and extension strengthening into regional agricultural and fisheries strategies to ensure long-term sustainability of seaweed farming.

Keywords: Seaweed Farmer Characteristics; Extension; Business Sustainability

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