Urban Farming Success: Insights on Entrepreneurship, Motivation, Personality, and the Role of Islamic Worshipful Entrepreneurship
Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto 53122, Indonesia
Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto 53122, Indonesia
Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto 53122, Indonesia
Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto 53122, Indonesia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v6i3.1749
Received: 19 February 2025 | Revised: 29 April 2025 | Accepted: 14 May 2025 | Published Online: 15 July 2025
Copyright © 2025 Istiqomah, Lilis Siti Badriah, Wiwiek Rabiatul Adawiyah, Bambang Agus Pramuka. Published by Nan Yang Academy of Sciences Pte. Ltd.
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.
Abstract
This research aims to explore the relationships between entrepreneurial attitudes, motivation, personality traits, and urban farming entrepreneurial model, specifically focusing on the moderating role of Islamic Worshipful Entrepreneurial Intention (IWEI). The focus of this study is comprised of individuals who are involved in urban farming registered as members of an Islamic philanthropy foundation throughout Indonesia. The process of gathering data involved disseminating questionnaires via two separate channels: offline distribution and an online platform facilitated by Google Forms. To evaluate both the direct and indirect impacts, as well as moderation, the analysis primarily utilized Jeffreys's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP). The findings reveal positive associations between entrepreneurial attitudes, motivation, personality traits, and entrepreneurial model. Furthermore, we identify Islamic Worshipful Entrepreneurial Intention as a significant moderator that influences the strength of the relationships between these variables. This research contributes to the existing literature by introducing Islamic Worshipful Entrepreneurial Intention as a novel factor that moderates the relationships between critical entrepreneurial components. The incorporation of IWEI adds a unique perspective to the understanding of entrepreneurial behavior and models. The study suggests that fostering Islamic values and intentions in entrepreneurial endeavors can significantly impact the development and success of entrepreneurial models. Practitioners and policymakers should consider the role of IWEI in designing effective strategies to promote entrepreneurship. The research highlights the significance of integrating Islamic values into entrepreneurship, emphasizing the potential positive impact on the community. This approach promotes ethical and socially responsible entrepreneurial practices.
Keywords: Urban Farming; Entrepreneurial Attitudes; Entrepreneurial Motivation; Personality Traits; Entrepreneurial Models; Islamic Worshipful Entrepreneurial Intention (IWEI)
References
[1] Pollard, G., Ward, J.D., Koth, B., 2017. Aquaponics in urban agriculture: Social acceptance and urban food planning. Horticulturae. 3(2).
[2] Rahdriawan, M., Wahyono, H., Yuliastuti, N., et al., 2019. Sustainable urban farming through aquaponics system based on community development case: Kandri Village, Semarang. Available from: https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/55912849 (cited 20 August 2024).
[3] Tsyplakova, E.G., Cheryapina, A.V., Sinko, G.I., et al., 2020. Urban farming as a form of innovative entrepreneurship in a digital economy. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 421(3), 032033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/421/3/032033
[4] Yuan, G.N., Marquez, G.P.B., Deng, H., et al., 2022. A review on urban agriculture: technology, socio-economy, and policy. Heliyon. 8(11), e11583.
[5] David, L.H., Pinho, S.M., Agostinho, F., et al., 2022. Sustainability of urban aquaponics farms: An emergy point of view. Journal of Cleaner Production. 331, 129896.
[6] Wirza, R., Nazir, S., 2021. Urban aquaponics farming and cities- a systematic literature review. Reviews on Environmental Health. 36(1), 47–61.
[7] Specht, K., Weith, T., Swoboda, K., et al., 2016. Socially acceptable urban agriculture businesses. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 36(1), 1–14.
[8] Eichhorn, T., Meixner, O., 2020. Factors influencing thewillingness to pay for aquaponic products in a developed food market: A structural equation modeling approach. Sustainability. 12(8), 3475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083475
[9] Rahdriawan, M., Arriani, R.R., 2020. Motives and Dynamic of Community-Based Aquaponics for Urban Farming in Semarang. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 448(1).
[10] Nowiński, W., Haddoud, M.Y., Wlkp, A.P., 2019. The role of inspiring role models in enhancing entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Research. 96, 183–193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.005
[11] Motvaseli, M., Lotfizadeh, F., 2016. Entrepreneurs` Cognitive and Decision Making Styles. ASEAN Marketing Journal. 7(2), 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21002/amj.v7i2.5264
[12] Orlando, G.F., Sihombing, S.O., 2022. Social Entrepreneurial Orientation Impact On Social Entrepreneurial Intention Mediated Social Entrepreneurial Attitudes. Jurnal Manajemen. 26(3), 533–566. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24912/jm.v26i3.1001
[13] Egu, M.E., Chiloane-Phetla, E.G., 2022. The Impact of South Africa’s Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity Rate on Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Behavior. Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research. 9(2), 100–120.
[14] Bouarar, A.C., Mouloudj, S., Rebbouh, H., et al., 2025. Antecedents of Sustainable Agriculture Entrepreneurial Intentions. In: Mouloudj, K., Bouarar, A. (eds.). Digitizing Green Entrepreneurship. IGI Global Scientific Publishing: Hershey, PA, USA. pp. 205–230.
[15] Raulier, P., Latrille, F., Ancion, N., et al., 2023. Technical and Business Evaluation of Professional Aquaponics in Europe. Water. 15(6), 1198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061198
[16] Alberto, C., Rivero, P., 2021. The development of the entrepreneurial motivation from the university. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 17(3), 1313–1334.
[17] Salisu, I., Hashim, N., Mashi, M.S., et al., 2020. Perseverance of effort and consistency of interest for entrepreneurial career success: Does resilience matter? Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. 12(2), 279–304.
[18] Ismail, I.J., 2022. Entrepreneurial Start-up Motivations and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania: The Role of Entrepreneur’s Personality Traits. FIIB Business Review. 11(1), 79–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145211068599
[19] Paksoy, H.M., Özbezek, B.D., Kord Arabo, S., 2023. The effects of risk-taking tendency and achievement needs on the entrepreneurial potential of the Syrian refugees in Turkey. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14657503231171487
[20] Caliendo, M., Kritikos, A.S., 2023. The influence of start-up motivation on entrepreneurial performance. Small Business Economics. 61, 869–889.
[21] Firdaus, A., Haddar, G.A., Pujowati, Y., et al., 2023. The Effect of Motivation and Entrepreneurial Knowledge on Entrepreneurial Interest with Entrepreneurship Education as an Intervening Variable. Journal of Entrepreneurship Review.1(3), 122–133.
[22] Malebana, M.J., 2021. The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Motivation On Entrepreneurial Intention Of South African Rural Youth. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal. 27(3), 1–14.
[23] Marampa, A.M., Garnasih, R.L., Pariyanti, E., 2024. How to unleash innovative work behavior of SMEs workers through clan culture? “Testing the mediating role of knowledge sharing.” Industrial and Commercial Training. 56(1), 1–23.
[24] Hasan, M., Dinar, M., Arisah, N., et al., 2023. Entrepreneurship and urban farming: A study on determinants of business management. Journal of Enterprise and Development (JDE). 5(3), 720–731. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20414/jed.v5i3.8359
[25] Shi, B., Wang, T., 2021. Analysis of Entrepreneurial Motivation on Entrepreneurial Psychology in the Context of Transition Economy. Frontiers in Psychology. 12, 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.680296
[26] Sienatra, K.B., 2020. Effects of Entrepreneurship Education as an Entrepreneurial Personality Trait Model under Entrepreneurial Intention for the Future in Surabaya. Jurnal Entrepreneur Dan Entrepreneurship. 9(1), 29–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37715/jee.v9i1.1191
[27] Yan, J., 2010. The impact of entrepreneurial personality traits on perception of new venture opportunity. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship. 13(2), 21–35.
[28] Obschonka, M., Moeller, J., Goethner, M., 2019. Entrepreneurial passion and personality: The case of academic entrepreneurship. Frontiers in Psychology. 9, 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02697
[29] Awwad, M.S., Al-Aseer, R.M.N., 2021. Big Five personality traits impact on entrepreneurial intention: the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 15(1), 87–100.
[30] Suárez-Álvarez, J., Pedrosa, I., 2016. The assessment of entrepreneurial personality: The current situation and future directions. Papeles del Psicólogo. 37(1), 62–68.
[31] Liang, C., 2019. How Entrepreneur Personality Affects Agrirural Entrepreneurial Alertness. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation. 15(1), 147–170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7341/20191516
[32] Ajzen, I., 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 50(2), 179–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
[33] Aminnuddin, N.A., 2019. Predicting Islamic Ethical Work Behavior Using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Religiosity in Brunei.The Journal of Behavioral Science. 14(1), 1–13.
[34] Majid, N.A., Zainol, F.A., Rahman, S.N.A.A., 2015. Entrepreneurial Intention from the Islamic Perspective: A Holistic Approach . International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences .8 (12), 820–833.
[35] Ramadhan, M.A., Sari, D.N., Yogyakarta, U.N., 2022. Lending with PLS-SEM Approach : Empirical Studies in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba. 8, 66–84.
[36] Sulung, L.A.K., Ririh, K.R., Putri, N.I.S., et al., 2020. Religion, Attitude, and Entrepreneurship Intention in Indonesia. The South East Asian Journal of Management. 14(1), 3.
[37] Ashraf, M.A., 2021. Determinants of Islamic entrepreneurial intentions: an analysis using SEM. Journal of Islamic Marketing. 12(1), 20–40.
[38] Rehan, F., Block, J.H., Fisch, C., 2019. Entrepreneurship in Islamic Communities: How Do Islamic Values and Islamic Practices Influence Entrepreneurship Intentions? Available from: https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3405196 (cited 19 August 2024).
[39] Gümüsay, A.A., 2015. Entrepreneurship from an Islamic Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics. 130(1), 199–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2223-7
[40] Singh, D., Awasthy, R., 2025. Spirituality in social entrepreneurship: an ethical approach to sustainability. Social Enterprise Journal. 21(3), 492–518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-05-2024-0083
[41] Grine, F., Fares, D., Meguellati, A., 2015. Islamic spirituality and entrepreneurship : A case study of women entrepreneurs in Malaysia İslami maneviyat ve girişimcilik : Malezya ’ daki kadın girişimciler üzerine bir vaka incelemesi. The Journal of Happiness and Well-Being. 3(1), 41–56.
[42] Rizky, M., Fikriyyah, D., Farid, M., et al., 2024. The Concept of Entrepreneurship Model from an Islamic Perspective. Journal of Islamic and Muhammadiyah Studies. 6(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21070/jims.v6i2.1592
[43] Priyanto, A., Mahdafi, M.R., Saputri, M.M., 2023. Spiritualitas dan Kewirausahaan: Eksplorasi Peran Praktik Tasawuf Dalam Kesuksesan Usaha. Tabsyir Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial Humaniora. 4(3), 241–248.
[44] Yousaf, U., Ali, S.A., Ahmed, M., et al., 2020. From entrepreneurial education to entrepreneurial intention : a sequential mediation of self-e ffi cacy and entrepreneurial attitude. International Journal of Innovation Science. 13(3), 364–380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-09-2020-0133
[45] Mahfud, T., Bruri, M., Sudira, P., et al., 2020. The influence of social capital and entrepreneurial attitude orientation on entrepreneurial intentions : the mediating role of psychological capital. European Research on Management and Business Economics. 26(1), 33–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.12.005
[46] Nowiński, W., Haddoud, M.Y., Wach, K., et al., 2020. Perceived public support and entrepreneurship attitudes: A little reciprocity can go a long way! Journal of Vocational Behavior. 121, 103474. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103474
[47] Ali, U.M., 2023. Adopting attitude of self-esteem and self-confident in entrepreneurial activities of organization. The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research. 5(07), 22–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/Volume05Issue07-04
[48] Dubey, P., 2022. The effect of entrepreneurial characteristics on attitude and intention: an empirical study among technical undergraduates. Journal of Business and Socio-economic Development. 4(3), 272–289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBSED-09-2021-0117
[49] Kruger, S., Steyn, A.A., 2021. A conceptual model of entrepreneurial competencies needed to utilise technologies of Industry 4.0. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. 22(1), 56–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1465750320927359
[50] Bolzani, D., Luppi, E., 2020. Assessing entrepreneurial competences : insights from a business model challenge competences. Education + Training. 63(2), 214–238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-04-2020-0072
[51] Chi, R.C.Ţ., 2017. Paradigm shift from “Business Model” to “Entrepreneurial Model”. Proceedings of The 11th International Management Conference; November 2–November 4, 2017; Bucharest, Romania. pp. 778–793.
[52] Durikhana, O., 2021. Features of the Entrepreneurial University Model. Scientific Bulletin of the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit. 3(3–4), 80–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31767/nasoa.3-4-2021.09
[53] Wijayati, D.T., Fazlurrahman, H., Hadi, H.K., et al., 2021. The effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention through planned behavioural control, subjective norm, and entrepreneurial attitude. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research. 11(1), 505–518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-021-00298-7
[54] Ali, M., Jamshed, S., Shams, A., et al., 2022. Impact of Business Incubations on Entrepreneurial Mindset: In the Context of Pakistan. Review of Education, Administration and Law (REAL). 5(2), 189–202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47067/real.v5i2.231
[55] Pati, R., Ghobadian, A., Nandakumar, M.K., et al., 2021. Entrepreneurial behavior and firm performance: The mediating role of business model novelty. R&D Management. 51(5), 551–567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12466
[56] Maydiantoro, A., 2021. The influence of entrepreneurial attitudes, subjective norms and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences. 24(S4), 1–12.
[57] Jain, R., Ali, S.W., Kamble, S., 2015. Entrepreneurial and Intrapreneurial Attitudes: Conceptualization, Measure Development, Measure Test and Model Fit. Management and Labour Studies. 40(1–2), 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X15601529
[58] Anjum, T., Amoozegar, A., Farrukh, M., et al., 2023. Entrepreneurial intentions among business students: the mediating role of attitude and the moderating role of university support. Education + Training. 65(4), 587–606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-01-2021-0020
[59] Purwana, D., Suhud, U., Perspectives, B., 2018. Investigating the effect of motivation on entrepreneurial intention : three different approaches. Problems and Perspectives in Management. 16(2), 200–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(2).2018.18
[60] Zhang, Y., 2023. The influence of cultural orientation on the entrepreneurial motivation of Chinese female returnee entrepreneurs—From the perspective of cultural integration. Frontiers in Communication. 8, 1190190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1190190
[61] Touissate, H., Azdimousa, H., 2021. Women entrepreneurship in the MENA region: Factors influencing entrepreneurial motivation. International Journal of Financial Accountability, Economics, Management, and Auditing (IJFAEMA). 3(3), 264–272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52502/ijfaema.v3i3.78
[62] Ephrem, A.N., Martin, P., Nguezet, D., et al. Entrepreneurial Motivation , Psychological Capital, and Business Success of Young Entrepreneurs in the DRC. Sustainability. 13(8), 4087. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084087
[63] Murnieks, C.Y., Klotz, A.C., Shepherd, D.A., 2020. Entrepreneurial motivation: A review of the literature and an agenda for future research. The Journal of Organizational Behavior. 41(2), 115–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2374
[64] Al-jubari, I., 2021. The role of motivation, entrepreneurial skills and university environment in determining university students’ decision to become entrepreneurs. International Journal of Human Potentials Management. 3(1), 44-54. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350887051_THE_ROLE_OF_MOTIVATION_ENTREPRENEURIAL_SKILLS_AND_UNIVERSITY_ENVIRONMENT_IN_DETERMINING_UNIVERSITY_STUDENTS'_DECISION_TO_BECOME_ENTREPRENEURS
[65] Yahya, M., Isma, A., Naila, A., et al., 2023. Contributions of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education to Entrepreneurial Intention with Entrepreneurial Motivation as an Intervening Variable in Vocational High School Students. Journal of Entrepreneurship Review. 1(1), 42–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62794/pjer.v1i1.49
[66] Barba-sánchez, V., 2017. Entrepreneurial motivation and self-employment : evidence from expectancy theory. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 13, 1097–1115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0441-z
[67] Nayak, P.M., Joshi, H.G., Nayak, M., et al., 2024. The moderating effect of entrepreneurial motivation on the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and behaviour: An extension of the theory of planned behaviour on emerging economy. F1000Research.12, 1585. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140675.2
[68] Deng, W., Wang, J., 2023. The effect of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intention of different college students: Gender, household registration, school type, and poverty status. PLoS One. 18(7), e0288825.
[69] Azis, F., Isma, A., 2023. Entrepreneurial Motivation by Business Actors at Aeoropala Food Makassar City in terms of Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Mentality. Journal of Entrepreneurship Review. 1(2), 83–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62794/pjer.v1i2.288
[70] Nie, D., Li, A., Guan, Z., et al., 2014. Your Search Behavior and Your Personality. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-09265-2_47 (cited 24 July 2024).
[71] Nuevo, D., García-cueto, E., 2023. What ’ s new in Entrepreneurial Personality Assessment ? Papeles del Psicólogo. 44(3), 132–144.
[72] Hachana, R., Berraies, S., Ftiti, Z., 2018. Identifying personality traits associated with entrepreneurial success : does gender matter ? Identifying personality traits associated with entrepreneurial success : does gender matter ? Journal of Innovation Economics & Management. 27(3), 169–193.
[73] Salmony, F.U., Kanbach, D.K., 2022. Personality trait differences across types of entrepreneurs : a systematic literature review. Springer: Berlin, Germany. pp. 713-749.
[74] Korunka, C., Frank, H., Lueger, M., et al., 2003. The Entrepreneurial Personality in the Context of Resources, Environment, and the Startup Process—A Configurational Approach. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 28(1), 23–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00030
[75] Mathews, J., 2018. Entrepreneurial Personality: A Configurational Approach. Colombo Business Journal. 9(1), 45–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4038/cbj.v9i1.22
[76] Li, L.N., Huang, J.H., Gao, S.Y., 2022. The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Entrepreneurial Intention Among College Students: The Mediating Role of Creativity. Frontiers in Psychology. 13, 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.822206
[77] Leutner, F., Ahmetoglu, G., Akhtar, R., et al., 2014. The relationship between the entrepreneurial personality and the Big Five personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences. 63, 58–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.042
[78] Hu, R., Shen, Z., Kang, T.W., et al., 2023. Entrepreneurial Passion Matters: The Relationship Between Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Intention. Sage Open. 13(4), 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231200940
[79] Ojeleye, Y.C., Ojeleye, C.I., Rafiu Falola, K., et al., 2023. Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Intentions among Nigerian Students. Oeconomica Jadertina. 13(1), 19–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15291/oec.4139
[80] Ahmed, M.A., Khattak, M.S., Anwar, M., 2022. Personality traits and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of risk aversion. Journal of Public Affairs. 22(1), 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2275
[81] Vodă, A.I., Florea, N., 2019. Impact of Personality Traits and Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business and Engineering Students. Sustainability. 11(4), 1192.
[82] Zhuang, J., Xiong, R., Sun, H., 2022. Impact of personality traits on start-up preparation of Hong Kong youths. Frontiers in Psychology. 13, 1–20.
[83] Ratten, V., Alamanda, D.T., Ramadani, V., et al., 2017. Entrepreneurial intentions from an Islamic perspective: a study of Muslim entrepreneurs in Indonesia. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. 31(2), 165.
[84] Fitriana, N., 2022. Does Pesantren Environment have Impact on Islamic Entrepreneurial Intention? JURNAL ILMIAH SYIAR. 22(1), 1–14.
[85] Julianto, A., Nugroho, S., Marjukah, A., et al., 2021. Islamic entrepreurial values intention determinants : an empirical model and case of micro entrepreneurs in Solo Raya Regency. Benefit: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis. 6, 1–12.
[86] Hassan, M.K., Hippler, W.J., 2014. Entrepreneurship and Islam: An overview. Econ Journal Watch. 11(2), 170–178.
[87] Danesh, M., 2022. Entrepreneurs ’ Islamic Financing, Motivation, Social Capital and Entrepreneurial behaviors : The Mediating role of Nyyah/Worshipful Intention. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Management; 1- 3 December 2021; Tehran, Iran.
[88] Bintang, K.I., Umar, A., 2023. The Influence of Islamic Values on Social Entrepreneurial Intentions , Mediation of Entrepreneurial Attitudes , Bandung Muslim Community. Islam Research. 6(2), 115–121.
[89] Satriadi, S., Almaududi Ausat, A.M., Heryadi, D.Y., et al., 2022. Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention: A Study on Indonesian Students. BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi. 29(3), 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20476/jbb.v29i3.1323
[90] Ezeh, P.C., Nkamnebe, A.D., Omodafe, U.P., 2020. Determinants of entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in a Muslim community. Management Research Review. 43(8), 1013–1030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-2018-0348
[91] Wibowo, A., Widjaja, S.U.M., Utomo, S.H., et al., 2022. The role of entrepreneurial education and Islamic values matter. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education. 11(3), 1607–1616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22264
[92] Shah, I.A., Amjed, S., Jaboob, S., 2020. The moderating role of entrepreneurship education in shaping entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Economic Structures. 9, 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-020-00195-4
[93] Nurasyiah, A., Mariyanti, T., Beik, I.S., 2020. Women ’ s empowerment and family poverty in the Tawhidi epistemological approach. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. 37(1), 15–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-01-2020-0004
[94] Aldulaimi, S.H., 2020. Islamic Work Ethics: Multidimensional Constructs and Scale Validation. International Journal of Applied Management Science. 12(3), 1–21.
[95] Majid, N.A., Zainol, F.A., Norhayate, W., et al., 2019. Entrepreneurial Intention from the Islamic Perspective : A Holistic Approach. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 8(12), 820–833. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i12/5077
[96] Teddlie, C., Yu, F., 2007. Mixed Methods Sampling: A Typology With Examples. Journal of Mixed Methods Research. 1(1), 77–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689806292430
[97] Creswell, J.W., Creswell, J.D., 2017. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA, USA. pp. 148–152.
[98] Baruch, Y., Holtom, B.C., 2008. Survey response rate levels and trends in organizational research. Human Relations. 61(8), 1139–1160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726708094863
[99] Hair, J., Wolfinbarger, M., Money, A.H., et al., 2015. Essentials of Business Research Methods. Routledge: Abingdon, UK. pp. 163-184.
[100] Dillman, D.A., Smyth, J.D., Christian, M., et al., 2014. Internet, Phone, Mail and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Indianapolis, IN, USA. pp. 403- 409.
[101] Nica, M., Grayson, M., Gray, G.T., 2001. Taxonomy of the determinants of entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Economics and Economic Education Research. 16(3), 119–144.
[102] Said, D.S., Agarwal, S., Alzoubi, Y.I., et al., 2023. Occupational stress among Generation-Y employees in the era of COVID-19: cases from universities in India. Industrial and Commercial Training. 55(2), 234–252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-03-2022-0017
[103] Anser, M.K., Yousaf, Z., Yasir, M., et al., 2022. How to unleash innovative work behavior of SMEs’ workers through knowledge sharing? Accessing functional flexibility as a mediator. European Journal of Innovation Management. 25(1), 233–248.
[104] Hair, J.F., Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M., 2013. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning. 46(1–2), 1–12.
[105] Dubbeling, M., Van Veenhuizen, R., Halliday, J., 2019. Field Actions Science Reports Urban agriculture as a climate change and disaster risk reduction strategy. Field Actions Science Reports. (20), 32–39.
[106] Hafidah, N., Zulaeha, M., Ariyani, L., 2017. Dampak Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian Terhadap Perlindungan Hak Masyarakat Atas Pangan Studi Di Kabupaten Banjar. Badamai Law Journal. 2(1), 173.
[107] Bafadal, A., Wijayanto, T., Sudarmo, H., 2021. Introduksi Teknologi Budi Daya Hidroponik bagi Kelompok Calon Wirausaha di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Introduction of Hydroponic Cultivation Technology for Entrepreneurial Candidates During the Covid-19 Pandemic). Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat. 7(3), 247–257.
[108] Pardede, G., 2022. A SWOT Analysis of the Hydroponics Entrepreneurship as Sustainable Income in Covid-19 Pandemic Adaptation. Teknotan: Jurnal Industri Teknologi. 16(2), 93.
[109] Arief, H., 2022. Urban Farming Micro-Entrepreuner and Digital Marketing. Iccd.4(1), 54–58.
[110] Boldureanu, G., Ionescu, A.M., Bercu, A.M., et al., 2020. Entrepreneurship education through successful entrepreneurial models in higher education institutions. Sustainability. 12(3), 1–33.
[111] Fitmawati, F., Isda, M.N., Isnaini, I., et al., 2019. Inovasi teknologi hidroponik melalui pemanfaatan barang bekas dan nutrisi buatan sendiri sebagai usaha peningkatan pendapatan petani di Desa Kualu Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar. Unri Conference Series Community Engagement. 1, 499–505.
[112] Gittins, P., Morland, L., 2021. Is ‘Growing Better’ ripe for development? Creating an urban farm for social impact. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. 22(4), 266–274.
[113] Das, D., Bardhan, S., 2021. Urban Agriculture as an Entrepreneurial Opportunity: Case Studies from various Indian Cities. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355107325_Urban_Agriculture_as_an_Entrepreneurial_Opportunity_Case_Studies_from_various_Indian_Cities (cited 2 August 2024).
[114] Arief, H., Soelton, M., Saratian, E.T.P., et al., 2021. Implemantation entrepreneurship education online-learning program to create farmer entrepreneur through urban farming. International Conference on Community Development (ICCD). 3(1), 102–106.
[115] Hidayah, A., Yuvens, K., Khotimah, H., et al., 2021. Hidroponik sebagai sarana penerapan urban farming di RT 07 Kelurahan Muara Rapak Balikpapan. Seminar Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. 2(1), 1–7.
[116] Machmuddin, N., 2023. Factors affecting farmers ’ decisions to apply hydroponic systems in Tarakan city. Agricultural Socio-Economics Journal. 23(1), 89–94.
[117] Sofyandi, H., Oktafien, S., Ramadhan, N., et al., 2021. Hydroponics as a Business Opportunity for Millennials During a Pandemic. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education. 12(11), 1112–1118.
[118] Haryanti, H., Iskandar, I., Rizal, A., et al., 2023. Urban Farming Aquaculture as an Alternative Business for Food and Economic Security During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Case Study in the Sub-Urban Area of Jakarta, Indonesia. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 32(5), 4023–4036.
[119] Kong, H., Choo, S., 2022. Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Achievement Motivation and Entrepreneurial Intention: A Conditional Process Model of Entrepreneurship and Gender. Sage Open. 12(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221097897
[120] Mendoza Cabello, L., Ríos Ríos, S., Morán Requena, H., et al., 2023. Motivation and entrepreneurship in the students of the last cycles of administration of the National University of Cañete. Data Metadata. 2, 230.
[121] Mas, S.R., Masaong, A.K., Suking, A., 2021. School Principal Entrepreneurial Competency Development Model to Optimize Generating Production Unit Income. Journal of Educational and Social Research. 11(5), 109.
[122] Anis, W., Hairin, F., Hamdani., 2023. Marketing Strategy Of Hydroponic Vegetables: A Case Study Of Banjarbaru Hydroponic Garden. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences. 1184(8), 111–119.
[123] Saritas, O., Kuzminov, I., 2017. Global challenges and trends in agriculture : impacts on Russia and possible strategies for adaptation. Foresight.19(2), 218–250.
[124] Martin, M., Bustamante, M.J., 2021. Growing-Service Systems : New Business Models for Modular Urban-Vertical Farming. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 5, 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.787281
[125] Parkes, M.G., Azevedo, D.L., Domingos, T., et al., 2022. Narratives and Benefits of Agricultural Technology in Urban Buildings: A Review. Atmosphere. 13(8), 1250.
[126] Velazquez-Gonzalez, R.S., Garcia-Garcia, A.L., Ventura-Zapata, E., et al., 2022. A Review on Hydroponics and the Technologies Associated for Medium- and Small-Scale Operations. Agriculture. 12(5), 646.
[127] Hoolohan, C., Mclachlan, C., Larkin, A., 2019. Technological Forecasting & Social Change ‘ Aha ’ moments in the water-energy-food nexus : A new morphological scenario method to accelerate sustainable transformation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 148, 119712. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119712
[128] Mei, H., Ma, Z., Jiao, S., et al., 2017. The Sustainable Personality in Entrepreneurship: The Relationship between Big Six Personality, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Intention in the Chinese Context. Sustainability. 9(9), 1649.
[129] Ozgur, D., Mustafa, K., Ozdemir, A.H., 2017. The Influence of Personality Traits on Entrepreneurial Intention. International Journal of Management and Sustainability. 6(2), 33–46.
[130] Presenza, A., Messeni Petruzzelli, A., 2019. Investigating business model innovation in Haute Cuisine. Role and behavior of chef-entrepreneurs. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 82, 101–111.
[131] Ramadani, V., Dana, L.P., Gerguri-Rashiti, S., et al., 2017. Entrepreneurship and Management in an Islamic Context. Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland. pp. 7-17.
[132] Elfakhani, S., Ahmed, Z.U., 2013. Philosophical Basis of Entrepreneurship Principles Within an Islamic Ethical Framework Philosophical Basis of Entrepreneurship Principles Within an Islamic. Journal of Transnational Management. 18(1), 52–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2013.752780
[133] Agustian, K., Hejazziey, D., Zen, A., et al., 2023. Comparative Analysis of Ethical and Legal Principles in the Islamic Business Management Model. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management. 1(2), 101–107.
[134] Basir, K.H., Musa, S.F.P.D., 2022. An Islamic perspective of agripreneurs motivation. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy. 16(3), 402–420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-08-2020-0147
[135] Muhammad, R.W., Kassim, P.N.J., 2016. The Importance of Mutual Consent in Social Relationships under the Shariáh. Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture. 4(2), 78–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v4n2a8
[136] Harjanti, W., Sumaryono, R., Hardijanto, T., et al., 2023. Islamic Ethical Business Implementation on Family Firm. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science. VII(2454), 1492–1501.
[137] Arinta, Y.N., 2020. Implementasi Maqashid Syariah dengan Pengembangan Ekonomi Hijau Melalui Urban Farming. International Journal Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din. 21(2), 192–211.
[138] Nițu-Antonie, R.D., Feder, E.S., Nițu-Antonie, V., et al., 2023. Predicting Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions among Romanian Students: A Mediated and Moderated Application of the Entrepreneurial Event Model. Sustainability. 15(6), 5204.
[139] Ali, B., Adamu, B., Gamawa, I., 2020. Extending the TPB theory to explain the effect of culture on Islamic entrepreneurial intentions of students in Nigeria. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management. 2(12), 764–776. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35629/5252-0212764776
[140] Irawan, E.P., 2019. The impact analysis of campaign program of the green environmental movement through hydroponic in community. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 9(4), p8856. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.04.2019.p8856
[141] Rosihaza, Y.S., Admeinasthi, M.B., Gandakusuma, I., et al., 2023. Determinants of social entrepreneurship from Islamic perspective. I-iECONS e-proceedings. 10(1), 648–661. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33102/iiecons.v10i1.46
[142] Purnama, F., Indarsyih, Y., Sadimantara, F.N., 2022. Hubungan Jiwa Kewirausahaan dengan Keberhasilan Usaha Hidroponik di Kota Kendari. Jurnal Ilmiah Penyuluhan dan Pengembangan Masyarakat. 2(1), 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56189/jippm.v2i1.24118