Effects of Aging Society on Labor Productivity: A Case Study of Thailand’s Longan Production
Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Faculty of Economics, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v6i1.1564
Copyright © 2024 Chonrada Nunti, Kewalin Somboon. Published by Nan Yang Academy of Sciences Pte. Ltd.
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to examine the effects of an aging society on labor productivity within the Thai longan production sector, as well as to assess the technical efficiency associated with this demographic shift. Data were collected from a sample of 400 longan farmers, employing the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression to investigate the relationship between the aging population and labor productivity in longan cultivation. Additionally, the Stochastic Frontier Model (SFM) was utilized to evaluate technical efficiency and its correlation with productivity in the context of an aging society. The findings suggest that the predominant segment of longan production in Thailand is supported by a workforce characterized by an average age of approximately 57 years. By the year 2025, the impact of Thailand’s aging population may result in a significant number of longan farmers ceasing production due to health-related issues and diminished selling prices. Thus, projections indicate a potential decline in both the yield and the area cultivated for longan. Moreover, the transition into an aging society is likely to adversely affect labor productivity in agricultural production. Despite the current high level of technical efficiency in longan production, the aging of farmers is expected to lead to a reduction in overall productivity.
Keywords: Aging Society; Longan Production; Technical Efficiency; Labor Productivity
References
[1] Chand, M., Tung, R.L., 2014. The aging of the world's population and its effects on global business. Academy of Management Perspectives. 28, 409–429.
[2] Li, M., Sicular, T., 2013. Aging of the labor force and technical efficiency in crop production: Evidence from Liaoning province, China. China Agricultural Economic Review. 5, 342–359.
[3] Gerardo, G., 2005. Population aging sustainable development and food security in rural areas of Bolivia and Chile. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
[4] Li, M., Sicular, T., 2013. Aging of the labor force and technical efficiency in crop production: Evidence from Liaoning province, China. China Agricultural Economic Review. 5(3), 342–359.
[5] Gustavo, A., Libor, S., 2008. Rural population change in developing courtiers: Lessons for policy making. European View. 7, 309–317.
[6] Office of Agricultural Economics, 2024. Agricultural economic data. Available from: https://www.oae.go.th/ (cited 10 January 2024).
[7] United Nations, 2021. World population prospects. Available from https://population.un.org/wpp/ (cited 10 January 2024).
[8] Fang, P., Wang, Y., Abler, D., et al., 2023. Effects of aging on labor-intensive crop production from the perspectives of landform and life cycle labor supply: Evidence from Chinese apple growers. Agriculture. 13(8), 1523.
[9] Seok, J.H., Moon, H., Kim, G., et al., 2018. Is aging the important factor for sustainable agricultural development in Korea? Evidence from the relationship between aging and farm technical efficiency. Sustainability. 10(7), 2137.
[10] Bode, E., Dohse, D., Stolzenburg, U., 2023. Aging and regional productivity growth in Germany. Review of Regional Research. 43(3), 409–432.
[11] Wong, K., Yeung, M., 2019. Population ageing trend of Hong Kong. Population, 18, 64.
[12] Aiyar, M.S., Ebeke, M.C.H., 2017. The impact of workforce aging on European productivity. WP/16/238, December 2016.
[13] Lee, T., 2015. The aging of agriculture and the income instability of young farmers in Korea. Proceedings of the FFTC-MARDI International Seminar on Cultivating the Young Generation of Farmers with Farmland Policy Implications; May 25–29, 2015; Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
[14] Feyrer, J. 2007. Demographics and productivity. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 89(1), 100–109.
[15] Poungchompu, S., Tsuneo, K., Poungchompu, P., 2012. Aspects of the aging farming population and food security in agriculture for Thailand and Japan. International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development. 3(1), 102–107.
[16] Guo, G., Wen, Q., Zhu, J., 2015. The impact of aging agricultural labor population on farmland output: From the perspective of farmer preferences. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2015, 730618.
[17] Ozimek, A., DeAntonio, D., Zandi, M., 2018. Aging and the productivity puzzle. Moody's Analytics: New York, NY, USA.
[18] Li, S., Li, X., Sun, L., et al., 2018. An estimation of the extent of cropland abandonment in mountainous regions of China. Land Degradation & Development. 29(5), 1327–1342.
[19] Maestas, N., Mullen, K.J., Powell, D., 2023. The effect of population aging on economic growth, the labor force, and productivity. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics. 15(2), 306–332.
[20] Saiyut, P., Bunyasiri, I., Sirisupluxana, P., et al., 2017. Changing age structure and input substitutability in the Thai agricultural sector. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences. 38(3), 259–263.
[21] Suphannachart, W., 2017. What drives labour productivity in the ageing agriculture of Thailand?. Advances in Management and Applied Economics. 7(1), 89.
[22] Chantarat, S., Sa-ngimnet, B., Attavanich, W., Chenphuengpawn, J., 2019. The elderly situation with the productivity and agriculture of Thai agricultural households. aBRIDGEd No. 13/2019. Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research.. Available from: https://www.pier.or.th/abridged/2019/13/
[23] Hu, X., Zhong, F., 2012. Impact of the aging of rural population on grain production: An analysis based on fixed observation point data in rural areas. Chinese Rural Economy. 7, 29–39.
[24] Peng, L., Chi, Z., Fu, J., et al., 2019. Regulation effect of agricultural machinery operational services and agricultural science and technology training on grain production under the background of aging labor force—based on the microsurvey data of Jiangxi Province. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics. 2019(9), 91–104.
[25] Calvo-Sotomayor, I., Laka, J.P., Aguado, R., 2019. Workforce ageing and labour productivity in Europe. Sustainability. 11(20), 5851.
[26] Aigner, D., Lovell, C.K., Schmidt, P., 1977. Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometrics. 6(1), 21–37
[27] Meeusen, W., van Den Broeck, J., 1977. Efficiency estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions with composed error. International Economic Review. 18(2), 435–444
[28] Tong, T., Ye, F., Zhang, Q., et al., 2024. The impact of labor force aging on agricultural total factor productivity of farmers in China: Implications for food sustainability. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 8, 1434604.
[29] Zhang, X., Yang, Q., Al Mamun, A., et al., 2024. Acceptance of new agricultural technology among small rural farmers. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 11(1), 1–17.