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CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing Technology: Precision Improvement and Green Application in Sustainable Crop Breeding
Muhammad Riaz
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural development is the core strategy to address global food security and environmental degradation, and crop breeding is the key link to promote sustainable agriculture. CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology, with its advantages of high precision, high efficiency, and low cost, has broken through the limitations of traditional breeding and transgenic technology, becoming an important tool for precision crop improvement and green agricultural development. This review focuses on the application of CRISPR-Cas technology in precision improvement of crop agronomic traits (yield, quality, nutritional value) and green breeding (reducing pesticide and fertilizer dependence, improving resource utilization efficiency). It summarizes the latest progress of CRISPR-Cas technology in optimizing crop adaptation to green agricultural systems, and analyzes the technical bottlenecks and solution strategies in its green application process. Furthermore, the integration potential of CRISPR-Cas technology with green agricultural technologies (such as organic agriculture, precision agriculture) and its contribution to sustainable agricultural development are discussed. This review provides a new perspective and technical reference for the integration of genome editing technology and green agriculture, and promotes the high-quality development of crop breeding and sustainable agriculture.