Assessment of the Impact of Environment Protection in Rwanda: A Case Study of Rugezi Marshland
Ntabakirabose Gaspard
Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, Kigali, Rwanda
Harold Ogwal
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
Jean Baptiste Habinshuti
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria
Musoni Protais
Musanze District, Ministry of Local Government, Kigali, Rwanda
Jeanne Pauline Munganyinka
Department of Water and Energy Sciences, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria
David Mwehia Mburu
Department of Land Resources Planning and Management, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
Maniriho Festus
College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (UR-CAVM), University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36956/njas.v4i1.464
Copyright and Licensing
The authors shall retain the copyright of their work but allow the Publisher to publish, copy, distribute, and convey the work.
NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences publishes accepted manuscripts under Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Authors who submit their papers for publication by NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences agree to have the CC BY-NC 4.0 license applied to their work, and that anyone is allowed to reuse the article or part of it free of charge for non-commercia. As long as you follow the license terms and original source is properly cited, anyone may copy, redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform, and build upon the material.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers
It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyright holder. In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. The journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
In exceptional circumstances articles may be licensed differently. If you have specific condition (such as one linked to funding) that does not allow this license, please mention this to the editorial office of the journal at submission. Exceptions will be granted at the discretion of the publisher.
Abstract
Environmental protection is one of the most important measures to achieve the long run and sustainability of living organisms in the world. The study was conducted in Burera and Gicumbi districts with the main aim of assessing the impact of environment protection in Rwanda. A case study of Rugezi Marchland. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20 and STATA statistical software vision 13. Off-farm income, occupation, educational level, age, and farm size, showed a positive relationship with Rugezi marchland protection. Variables such as value of product distance to Rugezi marchland, gender, and family size had a negative influence on Rugezi marchland protection. The study also indicated that factors such as water management, increase of grass species, increase of wild animals and birds, modern house construction, zero grazing keeping revealing a positive relationship with Rugezi marchland protection. Two most serious problems encountered are the lack of occupation and low level of education.Keywords: Assessment; Impact; Environment Protection; Rugezi Marshland
References
[1] Nwaru, J.C., 2004. Rural Credit Market and Arable Crop Production in Imo State of Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D Dissertation, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
[2] REMA and MINIRENA, 2008. Regreening Thousand Hills in Rwanda’s Wetlands towards 2020 vision.
[3] Kadziya, L., Chikosha, F., 2013. Wetlands and Urban Growth in Bindura, Zimbabwe: Greener Journal of Environmental Management and Public Safety. 2(6), 195-196.
[4] MINAGRI, 2001. Schéma directeur d’aménagement des marais. De protection des bassins versants et de la conservation des sols. Rapport global définitif. HYDROPLAN ingénieurs Gesellschaft mbH. Kigali. 38.
[5] McCartney, M.P., Rebelo, L.M., 2010. Senaratna Sellamuttu, S.; de Silva, S. Wetlands, Agriculture and Poverty Reduction Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 39.
[6] www.bureradistrict.gov.rw
[7] MINALOC, 2004. Mission d’étude de conservation et de gestion intégrée du Marais de Rugezi. Rapport provisoire. Helpage-Rwanda, Kigali. 112.
[8] Rukundo, E., Liu, S., Dong, Y., Rutebuka, E., Asamoah, E.F., Xu, J., Wu, X., 2018. Spatio-temporal dynamics of critical ecosystem services in response to agricultural expansion in Rwanda, East Africa. Ecological Indicators. 89, 696-705.
[9] Schuyt, K.D., 2005. Economic Consequences of Wetland Degradation for Local Populations in Africa. 1-14.
[10] Nabahungu, Visser, S., 2013. Farmers ‘knowledge and perception of agricultural wetland management in Rwanda. Land Degradation & Development. 24(4), 363-374.
[11] MINITERE, 2003. Etudes relatives’ à la protection intégrée et conservation des ressources naturelles des zones humides critiques du Rwanda. Évaluation de la diversité biologique des zones humides, Experco des Grands Lacs. Kigali. 78.
[12] USEPA, 2009. What are Wetlands? http://www.epa.gov./owow/wetlands/vital/what.html Retrieved Au-
[13] Cavendish, W., 2000. Empirical regularities in the gust 2014 from U.S EPA.poverty environment relationship of rural households: Evidence from Zimbabwe. World Dev. 702-715.
[14] Chidi, H.O., Erhabor, F.O., 2009. Biodiversity of wetlands and wealth creation in Niger Delta. International Journal of Development Studies. 4(3), 108 - 115.
[15] Uluocha, N.O., 2004. Implication of wetlands degradation for water resources management, Lessons from Nigeria. Geojournal. 61, 151-154.
[16] Hategekimana, S., 2005. La degradation actuelle du Marais de Rugezi: une catastrophe écologique. Mémoire de Licence, Université Nationale du Rwanda. 115.
[17] Adger, W.N., Luttrell, C., 2000. Property rights and the utilization of wetlands. Ecological Economics Agrawal. 35, 75-89.
[18] Nwaru, J.C., 2004. Rural Credit Market and Arable Crop Production in Imo State of Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D Dissertation, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
[19] NISR, 2007. EICV Poverty Analysis for Rwanda’s Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy. Final Report. National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), Kigali.
[20] Hollis, G.E., 1990. Environmentalimpacts of development on wetlands in arid and semi - aridlands. HydrologicalSciences Journal. 35, 411-28.
[21] Botlhoko, G.J., Oladele, O.I, 2017. Factors Affecting Farmers Participation in Agricultural Projects in Ngaka Modiri Molema District North West Province, South Africa. Journal of Human Ecology. 201-206.
[22] REMA, 2009. Rwanda State of Environment and Outlook Report. Kigali: Rwanda Environnent Management Authority. 245.