Sustainable Marine Structures

The maritime sector remains a major contributor to global carbon emissions, with coastal freight logistics playing a significant but underexplored role. This study evaluates the feasibility of hydrogen-powered ships as a zero-emission alternative to diesel in coastal freight networks. Using a combined techno-economic and logistical model, the research incorporates Net Present Value (NPV), Levelized Cost of Transport (LCOT), linear programming for route optimization, lifecycle emissions assessments, and scenario simulations involving carbon pricing and infrastructure development. Data sources included operational records, industry benchmarks, port infrastructure audits, and environmental performance databases. Statistical methods such as sensitivity analysis and hypothesis testing were used to compare hydrogen and diesel propulsion across ship types and policy scenarios. Findings show hydrogen propulsion can be economically viable when carbon taxes exceed $90/ton and green hydrogen costs fall below $4/kg. Emissions modelling indicates potential reductions of 75–90% in lifecycle CO₂ and NOx, depending on bunkering availability and route alignment. However, limited port readiness especially in developing regions poses logistical challenges. Sensitivity analysis highlights retrofitting incentives and infrastructure investment as key drivers of adoption. The study concludes that hydrogen propulsion is technically feasible and environmentally superior for coastal shipping, but requires targeted policy support and infrastructure upgrades. It offers a comprehensive framework integrating cost, logistics, and environmental data to guide the transition toward hydrogen-based maritime freight systems.